Key Concepts
◆ Behavior Exchange Theory
o Explanation of behavior in relationships as maintained by a ratio of costs to beliefs
◆ Classical Conditioning
o A form of respondent learning in which an unconditioned stimulus, such as food, which leads to an unconditioned response, such as salivation is paired with a condition stimulus, such as a bell, the result is that the bell will evoke the same response
o Used in behavior treatment of anxiety disorders
◆ Cognitive behavior therapy
o Treatment that emphasizes attitude changes as well as reinforcement of behavior.
◆ Contingencies of reinforcement
o The specific pattern of reinforcing, or punishing consequences of a behavioral sequence
◆ Contingency contracting
o A behavior therapy technique whereby agreements are mad between family members to exchange rewards for their desired behavior.
◆ Contingency management
o Giving rewards and punishments based on children’s behavior
◆ Aversive control
o Using punishment and criticism to eliminate undesirable responses
o Commonly used in dysfunctional families
◆ Functional analysis of behavior
o In operant behavior therapy, a study of a particular behavior
■ What elicits it
■ What reinforces it
◆ Operant conditioning
o A form of learning whereby a person or animal is rewarded for performing a certain behavior
o The major approach is in most forms of behavior therapy
◆ Premack principle
o Using high probability behavior to reinforce low probability behavior
◆ Reinforcement
o An even, behavior, or object that increases the rate of a particular response
o A positive reinforcer is something that is added that increases the rate of a behavior.
o A negative reinforcer is something that is taken away that increases the rate of a behavior.
o Intermittent or irregular reinforcement is the most resistant to extinction.
◆ Role rehearsal
o The use of role playing, especially useful in couples therapy
◆ Schemas
o Cognitive constructions or core beliefs through which people filter their perceptions and structure their experience
◆ Social Learning Theory
o Understanding and treating behavior using principles from social and development psychology as well as from learning theory
◆ Systematic desensitization
o Gradual exposure to feared situations paired with relaxing
◆ Time out
o A behavioral technique for extinguishing undesirable behavior by removing the reinforcing consequences of hat behavior.
o Typically a child must sit in a corner or go to his/her room.
◆ Token Economy
o A system of rewards using points, which can be accumulated for reinforcing items or behaviors
◆ Behavior Exchange Theory
o Explanation of behavior in relationships as maintained by a ratio of costs to beliefs
◆ Classical Conditioning
o A form of respondent learning in which an unconditioned stimulus, such as food, which leads to an unconditioned response, such as salivation is paired with a condition stimulus, such as a bell, the result is that the bell will evoke the same response
o Used in behavior treatment of anxiety disorders
◆ Cognitive behavior therapy
o Treatment that emphasizes attitude changes as well as reinforcement of behavior.
◆ Contingencies of reinforcement
o The specific pattern of reinforcing, or punishing consequences of a behavioral sequence
◆ Contingency contracting
o A behavior therapy technique whereby agreements are mad between family members to exchange rewards for their desired behavior.
◆ Contingency management
o Giving rewards and punishments based on children’s behavior
◆ Aversive control
o Using punishment and criticism to eliminate undesirable responses
o Commonly used in dysfunctional families
◆ Functional analysis of behavior
o In operant behavior therapy, a study of a particular behavior
■ What elicits it
■ What reinforces it
◆ Operant conditioning
o A form of learning whereby a person or animal is rewarded for performing a certain behavior
o The major approach is in most forms of behavior therapy
◆ Premack principle
o Using high probability behavior to reinforce low probability behavior
◆ Reinforcement
o An even, behavior, or object that increases the rate of a particular response
o A positive reinforcer is something that is added that increases the rate of a behavior.
o A negative reinforcer is something that is taken away that increases the rate of a behavior.
o Intermittent or irregular reinforcement is the most resistant to extinction.
◆ Role rehearsal
o The use of role playing, especially useful in couples therapy
◆ Schemas
o Cognitive constructions or core beliefs through which people filter their perceptions and structure their experience
◆ Social Learning Theory
o Understanding and treating behavior using principles from social and development psychology as well as from learning theory
◆ Systematic desensitization
o Gradual exposure to feared situations paired with relaxing
◆ Time out
o A behavioral technique for extinguishing undesirable behavior by removing the reinforcing consequences of hat behavior.
o Typically a child must sit in a corner or go to his/her room.
◆ Token Economy
o A system of rewards using points, which can be accumulated for reinforcing items or behaviors
